# An Introduction to Inclusive Education

## Authors
Whitney H. Rapp, Ph.D., and Katrina L. Arndt, Ph.D.

## Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Why Does Teaching Everyone Matter?
   - The History of Special Education
   - Construction of Ability and Disability, Intersections of Ability, Race, and Gender
   - Disability Throughout History
   - How Race, Gender, and Disability Are Socially Constructed
   - How the Social Construction of Disability Affects Education and Schooling
   - Narrative 1.1: Keith Jones
3. History of Special Education
   - Education in the United States
   - The Development of Special Education
   - What We Want to See
   - Narrative 2.1: Larry Bissonnette
4. Special Education Law and Legislation
   - The Road Traveled
   - Narrative 3.1: Dr. David
5. Development in the Context of Disability
   - What Teachers Should Know About Child and Adolescent Development
   - Narrative 5.1: Cady Welch
6. Classroom Management
   - Building Community
   - Classroom Management
   - Special Education and Classroom Management
   - Narrative 6.1: Rachel Zindler
7. Differentiation
   - A Conceptual Framework for Successful Differentiation
   - Narrative 7.1: Sam Rapp
   - Differentiation of Instruction
   - Narrative 7.2: Matt Giordano
8. Universal Design for Learning
   - Definition of Universal Design for Learning
   - Why Universal Design for Learning?
   - Principles of Universal Design for Learning
9. Reading Strategies for All Students
   - Reading Instruction and Access to Instruction
   - Least Dangerous Assumption
   - Digital Media, Common Core State Standards, and Response to Intervention (RTI)
   - Strategies for Engagement, Input, Output, and Assessment
   - Narrative 13.1: Joellen Maples
10. Writing Strategies for All Students
11. Social Studies Strategies for All Students
12. Math Strategies for All Students
13. Science Strategies for All Students

## About the Authors
### Whitney Rapp, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Inclusive Education at St. John Fisher College, where she teaches courses on inclusive education pedagogy, assessment, classroom management, and diversity issues. Dr. Rapp holds a B.A. in elementary education and psychology, an M.A., and a Ph.D. in special education.

### Katrina L. Arndt, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Inclusive Education at St. John Fisher College. She teaches courses in inclusive pedagogy and has experience as a preschool teacher and special education teacher. Dr. Arndt holds a B.A. in philosophy and an M.A. in educational psychology, with her Ph.D. in special education.

## Chapter 10: Collaboration
### How this chapter prepares you to be an effective inclusive classroom teacher:
- Emphasizes valuing all family groupings and sensitivity to diversity.
- Teaches the components of collaboration and the importance of good collaborative skills.

### Collaboration Best Practices
- **What is collaboration?**: Working with others towards common goals. 
- **Knowing Your Strengths and the Strengths of Others**: Understanding personal and others' strengths is crucial in collaboration.
- **Expressing Information**: Good communication entails accessibility and comprehensibility for all families.

### Table 10.1: Learning Preferences and Styles
| Rating Scale | Measures |
| --- | --- |
| Myers-Briggs Type Inventory | Introvert/extrovert |
| The Kaleidoscope Profile | Sensing/intuition |
| Kolb Learning Style Inventory | Thinking/feeling |
| VARK Learning Profile Questionnaire | Judging/perceiving |
| Gardner's Multiple Intelligences | Learning style typology |

### Table 10.2: Ways to Connect with Families
- Send a postcard home welcoming each student.
- Greet families outside the school.
- Meet students at the door and inquire about their day.
- Write a class newsletter in multiple languages.
- Personalize invitations for events like Open House.