Speech Sound Disorders in Children

Articulation & Phonological Disorders

Ninth Edition
by John E. Bernthal, Ph.D.
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Nicholas W. Bankson, Ph.D.
James Madison University
Peter Flipsen Jr.
Pacific University, Oregon

Contents

• About the Faculty Materials
• About the Authors
• About the Contributors
• Preface

1 Introduction to the Study of Speech Sound Disorders

• An Evolving Area of Practice
• A Working Framework
• The Scope of the Problem
• The Cause of the Problem
• The Importance of the Problem
• An Evidence-Based Approach

2 Normal Aspects of Articulation

• Structure of Language
• Fundamentals of Articulatory Phonetics
• Coarticulation: Interactions Among Sounds in Context
• Aerodynamic Considerations in Speech Production
• Acoustic Considerations of Speech
• Sensory Information in Speech Production
• Summary of Levels of Organization of Speech
• Questions for Chapter

4 Factors Related to Speech Sound Disorders

• Structure and Function of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism
• Motor Abilities
• Cognitive-Linguistic Factors
• Psychosocial Factors

8 Using Evidence-Based Practice in Treatment

• The Basics of Evidence-Based Practice
• The Published Evidence
• Clinical Evidence
• Client Preferences and Values
• Conclusion
• Questions for Chapter

12 Treating Specific Populations: Childhood Apraxia and Older Children

• Childhood Apraxia of Speech
• Assessment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
• Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
• Treating Older Children

13 Phonological Awareness: Description, Assessment, and Intervention

• What Is Phonological Awareness?

15 Accent Modification

• Foreign Accent
• The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Accent Modification
• Goals of Accent Modification
• Understanding Language Interactions
• Assessment
• Treatment and Instruction
• Evidence of Success of Accent Modification
• Application to Specific Languages

About the Authors

John Bernthal, Ph.D.

An Emeritus Professor at University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Dr. Bernthal has extensive experience in speech sound disorders in children and has published numerous works in this area.

Nicholas Bankson, Ph.D.

An Emeritus Professor at James Madison University, Dr. Bankson has a strong background in child language disorders and speech sound disorders.

Peter Flipsen Jr., Ph.D., S-LP(C), CCC-SLP

A Professor of Speech-Language Pathology at Pacific University, Oregon, Dr. Flipsen has over 30 years of experience and has focused his research on classification and measurement of speech sound disorders.

About the Contributors

Leah Fabiano-Smith, Ph.D., CCC-SLP

Research interests focus on phonological acquisition and disorders in bilingual children.

Gail T. Gillon, Ph.D.

Director of the Child Well-Being Research Institute at the University of Canterbury, with extensive publications in children’s speech-language development.

Brian Goldstein, Ph.D., CCC-SLP

Focus on communication development and disorders in Latino children; well-published in phonological development.

Raymond D. Kent, Ph.D.

Research interests include speech intelligibility in various clinical populations and the typical and atypical development of speech.

1 Introduction to the Study of Speech Sound Disorders

Learning Objectives

This chapter introduces the reader to a major subdiscipline of the field of speech-language pathology—speech sound disorders. By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:

• Describe how the practice of working with individuals with speech sound disorders has evolved over time.
• Understand the basic distinction between articulation and phonological disorders.
• Recognize how common speech sound disorders are and how they arise.

Welcome to the world of clinical intervention for individuals with speech sound disorders! This text focuses on assessing and treating disorders related to speech sound production, as this is one of the most frequently occurring communication disorders that speech-language pathologists encounter.

The Importance of the Problem

Our understanding of speech sound disorders has changed dramatically over the years. These problems connect directly with communication and literacy development, as children's phonological awareness skills significantly impact their literacy abilities. The structured approach and evidence-based practice highlighted in this book aim to enhance treatment practices for individuals facing these challenges.

Excerpted from Speech Sound Disorders in Children: Articulation & Phonological Disorders, Ninth Edition

Edited by John Bernthal, Ph.D., Nicholas Bankson, Ph.D., and Peter Flipsen Jr., Ph.D.