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Purpose

To assess children’s strengths and behaviors of concern, identify strategies that increase learning, provide the foundation for the development of functional goals and objectives for IFSPs/IEPs or other individualized plans, to inform intervention approaches, and to evaluate progress. TPBA2 can also be used to determine eligibility based on percent delay and/or informed team consensus and to measure progress toward OSEP child outcomes for accountability purposes.

Areas Included

Sensorimotor, emotional and social, communication, and cognitive domains; the cognitive domain addresses critical skills from content areas (e.g., reading, math, science, social studies). Each domain is composed of multiple "subcategories" (e.g., attention, gross motor activity, emotional expression, behavioral regulation).

Time to Administer

60-90 minutes for a complete TPBA play session. The actual time to complete a play-based assessment varies depending on the team’s familiarity with the TPBA process, the child being assessed, facilitation proficiency, how many team members are participating, and the team’s knowledge of child development.

Scored

Teams rate children on 9-point Goal Attainment Scales and determine age levels for each domain subcategory.

Scores Provided For

Procedures are provided for using Goal Attainment Scale ratings and age levels for each domain subcategory for intervention planning, progress monitoring, determining eligibility, and measuring progress toward child outcomes.

Age Norms

No

Age Range Given for Items

Yes

Frequency of Administration

Can be updated as frequently as desired in any functional environment.

Based on Observation in Natural Settings

Yes

Data Provided on Reliability

Yes; inter-rater reliability for eligibility and areas of concern is high (90%-100%), depending on training. Social validity as measured by parents and professionals is high.

Data Provided on Validity

Yes; experts established construct validity across all domains. Concurrent validity with the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition was high when matched against social validity for typical performance of the child.

Electronic Scoring

Microsoft Excel-based calculators for computing OSEP Reporting Categories and making eligibility determinations are available on the TPBA2 & TPBI2 Forms CD-ROM.

Other Languages

Forms designed to be completed by parents and caregivers are available in English and Spanish; the Spanish forms are included on the TPBA2 & TPBI2 Forms CD-ROM.

Who Administers

Teachers, home visitors, IFSP/IEP team members, other specialists.

Training

Not required but encouraged. On-site training for TPBA2 and TPBI2 is available through Brookes On Location. Observing Kassandra, a training video, is also available from Brookes Publishing Co.

Outcomes