four key steps to including adapted sports.pdf

A Teacher’s Guide to Adapted Physical Education

Including Students with Disabilities in Sports and Recreation Fourth Edition

by Martin E. Block, Ph.D. University of Virginia

Contents

  1. I Foundations
    • What Is Physical Education?
    • What Is Inclusion?
    • A Team Approach to Inclusion in Physical Education
  2. II Inclusive Practices and Planning
    • Program Planning and Assessment
    • Instructional Modifications
    • Curricular Modifications
    • Game and Sport Modifications
  3. III Understanding Specific Needs
    • Intellectual Disabilities
    • Learning Disabilities
    • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    • Physical Disabilities
    • Other Health Impairments
  4. IV Supporting Across Contexts
    • Facilitating Social Acceptance and Inclusion
    • Making Inclusive Physical Education Safe
    • Positive Behavior Support of Children with Challenging Behaviors
    • Including Students with Disabilities in Community-Based Recreation
    • Multicultural Education and Diversity Issues
    • References
    • Index

About the Author

Martin E. Block, Ph.D., is a professor with the Department of Kinesiology in the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia. Dr. Block has been the director of the master’s program in adapted physical education at the University of Virginia since 1993. During that time, he has supervised and graduated more than 120 master’s students. Prior to returning to college to earn his Ph.D., Dr. Block served as an adapted physical education specialist in Virginia and Maryland, working with children with severe disabilities and learning and behavior problems. Dr. Block has authored or coauthored 5 books, 20 chapters in books, and more than 75 peer-reviewed articles and has conducted more than 100 international and national presentations on various topics in adapted physical education.

Table 7.4. Comparison of Traditional and Adapted Sports

Traditional sport Adapted sport
Basketball Wheelchair basketball
Soccer Indoor wheelchair soccer
Volleyball Sitting volleyball
Tennis Wheelchair tennis

Four Key Steps to Including Adapted Sports in General Physical Education

  1. Determine the sport to play and then cross-reference that sport to an adapted sport.
  2. Learn about similarities and differences between traditional and adapted sports skills and rules.
  3. Assess the performance of all students for the skills needed to successfully participate.
  4. Implement and teach using the traditional and/or adapted sport.

Table 7.5. Adapted Sports Supplements to Traditional Sports

Adapted sport Possible supplement to traditional sport
Goalball: played by blind and/or visually impaired Volleyball and basketball
Beep baseball: played by blind and/or visually impaired Softball
Slalom: wheelchair obstacle course Track and field

Game and Sport Modifications

Traditional sport Adapted sport Skills
Basketball Wheelchair basketball Pass, dribble, shoot, retrieve, transition
Soccer Indoor wheelchair soccer Pass, dribble, shoot, block, retrieve
Volleyball Sitting volleyball Pass, block, serve, rotation
Tennis Wheelchair tennis Serve, forehand, backhand, volley

Assessment of Skills Needed for Successful Participation

Rule Traditional sports Adapted sports
Serving (underhand or overhand) Both feet behind the serving line Buttocks behind serving line, legs allowed on the court
Passing (overhand or underhand) May pass using momentary jump or airborne movement Must remain seated on the floor; no lifting of buttocks to gain an advantage
Setting Same as Passing Same as Passing
Blocking Not allowed to block serve Allowed to block serve

Chest Pass Assessment

Chest pass Trials 1-5 Comments
Eyes on target X Needed verbal cues to keep eyes on target
Two hands on ball X Needed verbal and PA to hold the ball correctly
Elbows flexed in preparation / Needed PA to hold the ball correctly in prep
Elbows extend at ball release 0 Extension limited
Thumbs point downward 0 Extension limited
Follow through / Need reminders to follow through