durand good sleep habits.pdf
Sleep Better!
A Guide to Improving Sleep for Children with Special Needs
Revised Edition
by
V. Mark Durand, Ph.D.
University of South Florida St. Petersburg
Baltimore • London • Sydney
Contents
About the Reproducible Forms ... xi
About the Author ... xiii
Preface to the Revised Edition ... xv
Preface to the First Edition ... xvii
Acknowledgments ... xxi
I The Nature of Sleep and Its Problems ... 1
1 An Overview of Sleep ... 3
How Much Sleep Do We Need? When Are Owls and Larks Not Birds? What Is Sleep? What Is Our Biological Clock? How Does Temperature Affect Sleep? Conclusion
2 Sleep Problems ... 15
How Common Are Sleep Problems? How Serious Are These Problems? When Does Sleep Become a Problem? Insomnia Trouble at Bedtime Night Waking Feeling Tired Throughout the Day Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy
Breathing-Related Sleep Problems Sleep Schedule Problems Nightmares Sleep Terrors Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking Periodic Limb Movements Bed-Wetting Tooth Grinding Rhythmic Movement Problems Conclusion
II Assessing Sleep Problems ... 41
3 Identifying the Sleep Problem ... 43
Steps to Understanding the Problem Sleep Diary Behavior Log Sleep Interview Sleep Habits Questions Bedtime and Night Waking Questions Sleep Schedule Questions Nightmare Questions Sleep Terror Questions Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy Questions Breathing-Related Questions Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking Questions Limb Movement and Rhythmic Movement Questions Bed-Wetting Questions Tooth Grinding Questions Anxiety and Depression Questions Daytime Behavior Problem Questions Other Possible Causes A Parent’s Dilemma Conclusion
4 Identifying Obstacles to Successful Treatment ... 59
Interfering Thoughts I Have Little or No Control Over This Situation I’m Not Sure How Best to Handle This Situation In This Situation, Others Are Judging Me Negatively as a Parent In This Situation, Others Are Judging My Child Negatively My Child Is Not Able to Control This Behavior My Child’s Disability or Condition Is Causing or Contributing to This Problem This Type of Situation Is Always a Problem for My Child This Will Never Get Better or May Become Worse I Will Never Have Time for Just Me My Child Is Doing This on Purpose This Situation Is (Spouse’s, Partner’s, Family Member’s, or Other’s) Fault for Not Handling This Like I Suggested It Is My Fault that This Is a Problem Why Am I Always Responsible for My Child’s Behavior? Conclusion
III Strategies for Change ... 65
5 An Optimistic Approach to Improving Sleep ... 67
Disputation
Distraction
Substitution
Conclusion
6 Good Sleep Habits ... 75
The Good Sleep Habits Checklist
Bedtime Routines
The Dos and Don’ts of Bedtime Routines
Regular Sleep Times
Finding Sleep–Wake Times
Caffeine
Alcohol and Tobacco
Sleep and Diet
Exercise, Activity, and Sleep
Exercise and Activity Suggestions
The Bed and the Bedroom
Conclusion
7 Help for Bedtime Problems ... 95
Graduated Extinction
Bedtime Fading
Comparing Graduated Extinction and Bedtime Fading
Combining Plans with Medication
When Sleep Problems Rear Their Ugly Heads ... Again
Begin at Bedtime
Conclusion
8 Sleeping Through the Night ... 113
Causes of Night Waking
Waking without Disruption
Disruptive Night Waking
Graduated Extinction
Sleep Restriction for Disruptive Waking
Scheduled Awakening
Conclusion
9 Sleeping at the Wrong Times ... 139
Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
Sleep and School Refusal
Chronotherapy
Non-24-Hour Sleep–Wake Cycles
Daily Activity Cues
Melatonin
Napping and Poor Sleep Habits
Dealing with Naps
Conclusion
10 Nightmares, Sleep Terrors, and Other Related Problems ... 155
Nightmares
Using "Magic"
Teaching Relaxation
Sleep Terrors
Sleep Longer
Scheduled Awakening
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking
Sleep Eating
Conclusion
11 Excessive Sleepiness ... 167
Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy
Breathing Problems
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Precautions for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Movement-Related Sleep Problems
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Restless Legs Syndrome
Rhythmic Movement Disorder
Conclusion
12 Other Nighttime Difficulties ... 179
Bed-Wetting
The Bell and Pad
Dry Bed Training
Full-Spectrum Home Training
13 Daytime Behavior Problems ... 195
Why Do Children Have Behavior Problems? Rule Out Medical Problems Do Not Wait Too Long to Rule Out Medical Problems Impulsivity Attention Difficulties What Are They Trying to Tell Us? How Do You Know What They Are Trying to Tell You? The Seven “Cs” for Changing Behavior Calm Yourself Communication Choices Change Preparation Consequences Constructive Feedback Consider the Next Time Conclusion: A Caution About Behavior Problems
14 Sleep and Medications ... 209
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Halcion Restoril ProSom Doral Dalmane Antihistamines Other Sleep-Inducing Medications Ambien Sonata Lunesta Melatonin Rozerem Antidepressants Promoting Wakefulness Conclusion: What Do You Recommend?
15 Preventing Sleep Problems ... 219
Developmental Changes in Sleep Infant Personality and Sleep Prevention Strategies From Birth— Establishing Good Sleep Habits At 3 Months— Fading Nighttime Feedings Conclusion: The Beginning of Better Nights and Better Days