# Dual Language Learners in Early Childhood Classrooms

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# Teaching Dual Language Learners

### What Early Childhood Educators Need to Know

Get the essential knowledge and strategies to support young dual language learners in your classroom—and set them up for a lifetime of school success!

**[https://bpub.fyi/Teaching-DLLs**](https://bpub.fyi/Teaching-DLLs**)

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## Dual Language Learners

• Across the nation, educational systems are experiencing an increase in the number of young children who speak a language other than English at home and are learning a second language  
• Since 2000, DLL population in the U.S. has grown by 24% (Park et al., 2017)  
• More than 350 languages represented including:
  - Spanish (59%)  
  - Chinese (3.3%)  
  - Tagalog (1.9%)  
  - Vietnamese (1.9%)  
  - Arabic (1.9%)  
• Dual Language Learners (DLLs) make up a significant number of children in early childhood settings

## Goals for Today’s Coffee Chat

• Explore ways to provide effective support for dual language learners in the classroom  
• Learn practical instructional strategies for promoting language and literacy development in dual language learners

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### Positive Beliefs Promote Responsive Practices

Teachers should continuously reflect on and examine their own beliefs.

#### BELIEFS THAT PROMOTE CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE PRACTICES WITH DUAL LANGUAGE LEARNERS

Ask Yourself: Do your beliefs align with your classroom practices?

- **BELIEF 1:** Children are capable of successfully learning multiple languages  
- **BELIEF 2:** Quality and quantity of language input are important for language learning  
- **BELIEF 3:** Knowledge of a first language can support learning a second language  
- **BELIEF 4:** Bilingualism and multilingualism have many linguistic, cognitive, and cultural benefits

Children can navigate different languages and cultures.

### Benefits of Bilingualism/Multilingualism

- **Linguistic:** Learning one language helps in the development of a second or third language. Many skills transfer across languages.
- **Cognitive:** Knowing more than one language can help with planning and regulating behavior, thinking flexibly, and inhibitory control.
- **Cultural:** Children continue to communicate with family members, develop cultural competence, and strengthen their identity.

# Focus on Language and Literacy

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# The Reading Rope

## Strategies for Developing Language and Literacy Skills with DLLs

- Focus on language development and extended vocabulary  
- Foster phonological awareness  
- Integrate instruction on letter identification, decoding, word recognition skills  
- Support learning about book concepts and print knowledge  
- Engage students in early writing  
- Support home languages

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## Language Development and Vocabulary

**High Quality Interactions Support of home languages**

- Engage children in hearing and using different words  
- Back-and-forth conversations  
- Opportunities to develop new words in context  
- Scaffolding--confirm, recast, elaborate  
- Reading books, listening to stories, singing

### Lesson Example: Focus on Vocabulary

- A read-aloud lesson including activities before, during, and after the reading  
- Book Click, Clack, Moo: Cows That Type (Cronin, 2000)  
- Identify and pre-teach key vocabulary words  
- Connect to DLLs’ background and knowledge  
- While reading, explain the definitions  
- Present activities after the read-aloud

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## Assessment of Language and Literacy Skills

### Systematic

- Assess skills in the languages that the child is exposed to and uses to demonstrate what he or she knows and is able to do

### Developmentally Appropriate

- Multiple sources of data  
- Assess learning that is connected to the curriculum and teaching in the classroom so that DLL children have an opportunity to learn these skills  
- Engage families in assessing language and early literacy skills, especially for determining children’s abilities in the home languages

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