The Capute Scales Excerpt

The Capute Scales

Cognitive Adaptive Test/ Clinical Linguistic & Auditory Milestone Scale

(CAT/CLAMS)

Pasquale J. Accardo, M.D.

Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

and

Arnold J. Capute, M.D., M.P.H.

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland

with invited contributors

Baltimore • London • Sydney Excerpted from The Capute Scales: Cognitive Adaptive Test and Clinical Linguistic & Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) by Pasquale Accardo, M.D., & Arnold Capute, M.D., M.P.H.

About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Advisory Board and Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

1 Development of the Capute Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mary L. O’Connor Leppert

2 Administration and Scoring of the Capute Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Mary L. O’Connor Leppert

3 The Clinical Use of the Capute Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Brian T. Rogers and Pasquale J. Accardo

4 The Capute Scales in Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Robert G. Voigt

5 Standardization of the Capute Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Paul F. Visintainer and Anna Bennett

Appendix A The Capute Scales in Spanish: Pilot Study for Use Among Hispanic Children During Well-Child Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Michael E. Msall

Appendix B The Capute Scales in Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Thomas R. Montgomery and Elena S. Keshishian

Appendix C Sample Capute Scales Scoring Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

About the Authors

Pasquale J. Accardo, M.D.

Pasquale J. Accardo, M.D., is a native of Brooklyn, New York. He completed medical school at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and his pediatric residency at Riley Children’s Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana. His developmental pediatrics fellowship was under Dr. Capute at the John F. Kennedy Institute at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. He is currently the James H. Franklin Professor of Developmental Research in Pediatrics at Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia campus, and Developmental Pediatrician at Children’s Hospital in Richmond, Virginia. Dr. Accardo has published extensively in the field of neurodevelopmental disabilities and was the co-editor with Dr. Capute of Developmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood.

Arnold J. Capute, M.D., M.P.H.

Arnold J. Capute, M.D., M.P.H., was a native of Queens, New York, who earned his medical degree from Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and completed his pediatric residency at New York Medical College. After 15 years in private pediatric practice, Dr. Capute returned to The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine to complete a fellowship in developmental pediatrics. He then directed the Developmental Pediatrics fellowship training program at the John F. Kennedy Institute for the next three decades. He pioneered research in motor disorders in infants and authored numerous publications in the field of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Until his death in 2003, he held the Arnold J. Capute Chair in Developmental Pediatrics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Preface

Dr. Arnold J. Capute developed the CAT/CLAMS in the 1970s. The CAT (Cognitive Adaptive Test) is a measure of nonverbal problem-solving ability in children from birth to 3 years of age. The CLAMS (Clinical Linguistic & Auditory Milestone Scale) is a quantitative measure of expressive and receptive language skills in children from birth to 3 years of age. The Capute Scales have followed the trainees in Dr. Capute’s program at the Kennedy Krieger Institute at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The publication of this expanded version of the Capute Scales manual results from the completion of the multisite standardization of the Capute Scales.

Development of the Capute Scales

The Capute Scales are designed to assess the cognitive (language and visual-motor) streams of development in children with a cognitive age of 36 months or younger. The assessment batteries are intended for use in any setting in which the expeditious evaluation of the cognitive levels of young children is required. Dr. Capute began his work in developmental disabilities in the mid-1960s, where he spent the rest of his career developing the field and improving the evaluation and treatment of children with varied disabilities.

Early Intervention and the Need for Early Diagnosis

In 1986, Congress passed PL 99-457, the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments, which provided incentives for establishing early intervention programs to children with developmental delays who are younger than 3 years of age. The purpose of early diagnosis is fivefold:

To define the disorder causing concerns about development.
To investigate the etiology of the disorder.
To assess for the presence of associated disorders.
To direct intervention services and follow-up needs.
To provide appropriate counsel to the child’s family regarding the implications of the diagnosis.

The care of the child with a disability begins with the identification of delay and medical diagnosis of the disability.

Application of Developmental Principles in Early Diagnosis

Language delay is a common complaint that parents bring to the attention of their child’s primary care physician. Dr. Capute taught that language delay is a marker for common disorders in children younger than 36 months that have very different prognoses. Appropriate early primary care assessment is the basis by which care providers make developmental diagnoses, counsel families, and guide them toward appropriate intervention services.