# Supporting Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems
## Prevention and Intervention Strategies

### Authors
- **Lee Kern, Ph.D.**  
  Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania  
- **Michael P. George, Ed.D.**  
  Centennial School of Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania  
- **Mark D. Weist, Ph.D.**  
  University of South Carolina, Baltimore, London, Sydney

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### Overview
This book provides ready-to-implement intervention approaches and strategies for addressing serious behavior problems, including case stories and teacher reflections.

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## Contents
1. School Behavior Problems and Models of Prevention and Intervention
2. Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support
3. Assessing the Classroom Environment
4. Managing Classroom Behavior
5. Effective Instructional Practices
6. Promoting Student Social Skills
7. Preparing for Intensive Intervention
8. Conducting a Functional Behavioral Assessment
9. Developing an Assessment-Based Support Plan
10. Measuring Behavior Change
11. Enhancing Student Connectedness to School
12. Interventions to Address Mental Health Needs

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## Enhancing Student Connectedness to School
### The Importance of Student Connectedness
A large study (Resnick et al., 1997) found that school connectedness is a protective factor against various risks for students, such as substance use and violence.

### General Themes in Promoting Student Connectedness
- **Support from Adults**: Students feel connected when staff are dedicated and supportive.  
- **Positive Peer Relations**: Students benefit from competent peer groups.  
- **Commitment to Education**: Personal investment in education boosts engagement.  
- **Positive School Environment**: Elements like a clean environment and positive relationships foster connection.

### Tier 1 Strategies to Increase Student Connectedness
Emphasizes the importance of family involvement in school and creating a welcoming climate. Four key themes include:
1. Engagement: Build rapport with families.
2. Support: Provide immediate assistance to families.
3. Collaboration: Involve families in planning and solutions.
4. Empowerment: Foster a sense of hope and independence.

### Enhancing Protective Factors
Schools should foster protective factors such as supportive teachers and safe environments. Important factors include:
- High but achievable expectations
- Opportunities for meaningful engagement
- Active support for social-emotional well-being

### Improving Classroom Environments
Creating a safe and affirming classroom can enhance feelings of connectedness among students.

### Enhancing Student Aspirations
QISA (2014) identifies conditions that foster student aspirations, including a sense of belonging, hero support, and leadership opportunities.

### Tier 2 and Tier 3 Strategies
Specific interventions targeting at-risk students include mentoring programs, conflict resolution strategies, and collaborative care approaches for students with serious emotional and behavioral issues.

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## Summary
Student connectedness is vital for school success. Teachers can enhance this through positive relationships, utilizing the three-tiered SWPBS framework, and focusing on protective factors.